Outside the world of astronomy astronomical objects ( Astronomical / Celestial Objects), such as planets ( Planets), stars ( Stars), Comet ( Comets), Nebula ( Nebula), stars ( in Star Clusters), the galaxy (Galaxy), etc., and various astronomical Science related to the phenomenon ( Astronomical phenomenon)On the other hand, some methods of astrology , the taking and trust so that the sum of human life in space, the heavens apeki the US and their associated documentation ,
Human personality and human and external phenomena are predicted about the parallel practices of these two scriptures in ancient science. But science's backwardness, orthodoxy, and the scientific thinking of the general public did not allow the study of planetary texts to be run in a scientific way. Among the Muslims, the practice of these two Scriptures started first. They did not promote this practice only at the stage of science, but through the discovery of various theories and theories, it has made it far beyond, which, in a word, is unprecedented. How is it possible, it is now being discussed. The discovery and achievement of the Muslims in astronomy is so widespread and extensively that for a long time,
Many details may be dropped when you describe it on a small scale. Even then, there will be discussions with the discovery that there will be no explanation here, but here only. No doubt, like other places in the world, the study of astrology was already coming from ancient times. Besides, the number of Arabs who were business professionals in professional life was not very low. As a result, the guidance of the sky in the market during the trade of land and water was certainly not something to gain? However, with this knowledge and its practice, it was possible to be an astrologer. The first began, a very short time a large territory (about 13, 000, 000 square kilometers) after coming to the Muslims. All the Islamic subjects in this vast area are related to the direct moon-sun and direction. Without solving this problem, the scientific study of astronomy was introduced and the interesting thing is that almost all Muslim scientists, who have contributed to it, have contributed in this regard. They have translated one by one, researched, wrote Jeesz (floor). Notably, astronomy textbooks on Muslims were known as jij. Obviously, with the Arabic translation of a number of different astrology books in many different languages, start the path. The name comes first,
That is Yaqoub Ibn Tariq. He and Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Ibrahim al-Fazari jointly compiled the information, ' Today Jije al-Mahlun Mina As-Sinhind Lee-Darajat Daraja'. Of course, the beginning of the work is the father of the aforesaid Muhammad al-Fazari, Ibrahim al-Fazari. With the Greek, " al-majestic ( latina Almagest; Arabic, al-kitabul-mijisti) and elements ( the Elements)Apart from the other texts being translated into Arabic one after another, the astrologer's knowledge of the sleeping astronomy in the East and the West was opened in front of the Muslims. Elektra later became one of the greatest in the world of science, Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Musa al-khoyarijmi great dikasrasta , mathematicians whose contribution is not the way to get around. Astronomy also has the fundamental discovery of these mathematicians. His novel " jij al-sindhind ( Floor Al-Sindhind- Astronomical tables of Sind and Hind) extra a singular book of 37 chapters and 116 charts that he has presented in an orderly manner. In his work, he collected and used information freely from an Indian source. Moon, Sun and the movement of the five planets known in that period, He discussed the details of changes in the moon and solar eclipse, season. At the same time, Ahmad ibn Abdullah Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi, in his book The Book of Bodies and Distances, calculates the circumference, diameter and other characteristics of the earth, the moon and the sun. Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Kassir al-Farghani is one of the world's best astronomers. He wrote the commentary of Al-Majesty in 833, which was translated into Latin in the 12th Century Elements of Astronomy on the Celestial Motions and gained a lot of popularity. Among those who contributed significantly to astronomy during the contemporary period, among them, Sabit Ibn Çkrahrah, Zafar ibn Muhammad Abu Mashar al-Balqi and Bannu Musa, brother of Abu Jafar Muhammad Ibn Mussoa Al-Shakir.The information that was mentioned so far was mainly limited to the comment-statement. But, what happened later, in a word, is unprecedented. The very small number of people among the Muslims so much that contributed to the basic astronomy, occasionally think a lot of myth or fairy tales! The first person who came here was Abu Abdullah, Muhammad bin Jabir Ibn Sinan al-Battani. Someone says that he is the greatest astronomer in the history of Muslims in science. The empty eyes, without any type of telescope and monitor the application of mathematics and proved that one of the solar year ( to One Solar Year) value was calculated
, With today's latest estimation (365 days 5 hours 49 minutes 30 seconds) with only three minutes of filtration found. He estimates the amount of his earthly leaning, which is more than half-a-decade more than modern calculations! 57 chapters of his " al-jij al-Sabi ' is a remarkable compilation of astronomical sixteenth ' century Motu Stellarum name is translated in Latin and Western astronomy contributes directly to improve. Nevertheless , he was deliberately promoting the contributions of those unfortunate scientists to the solar model of Copernicus. Abu Nurse Al-Farabi, one of the pioneers of Muslim philosophy, also extended his hand to astronomy. However ,
Under his philosophical identity, which was influenced by Geekologie, he did not raise much of his contribution. Abdur Rahman al-Sufi is another prominent astronomer of the era. Book of Fixed Stars is his immortal book. Our Galaxy ( Milky Way) galaxy, the Andromeda galaxy, the nearest ( of Andromeda) the discovery was credited with many unakei. He describes at least 1,000 different uses of Astrolabe an essential instrument in astronomy. Abu Mahmud Khujandi calculates the amount of the Earth's axis ( Axial Tilt) in its own way which comes near Farabi. The details of his extensive work are found in the later works of the famous astronomer Nasiruddin Tussi. However, The discovery in 994 AD He is considered to be a milestone in astronomy, it seksatyanta ( Sextant) instrument. Abdur Rahman Ibn ibn Ibn Yunus is another unforgettable name in astronomy. His ' al-Jiz al-Kabir al-Hakimi ' is a fundamental book whose half has been destroyed or stolen. In this book, he describes the events related to Planetary Conjunction and 30 Lunar Eclipse. Muslims in the eleventh century of the Christian world, to engage in science œ garbha century. In the presence of three Shahan Shahi scientists like Ibnul Hisham, Al-Biruni and Ibn Sina, this is a tribute to this century. Extra additives in optics
Ibnul Hisham (965-1039) discusses Astronomy in ' Kitab al Manajir ' - 15-16. He also tried to combine mathematical astronomy and physics in his Mizan Al-Hillah ( Balance of Wisdom) and Maqbal Fee the Light of the Moon. Abu Raihan Mohammed Ibn-e-Mohammad al-Biruni (973-1048) also did not forget to contribute to astronomy with other things. All the objects " of the world are attracted toward the center " - in the words of the gravity ( Gravity) idea (but was later credited with the discovery of extra hinsabasata: Newton). He is on the right science ' Kanun Mahdi '
" A large books, which are full of discussions of the fourth volume of astronomy. He used both astronomy and trigonometry to improve both of them. Longitude, Aretha, sunset, sunrise, the diagnosis and determine the volume of the planet-natrera abasthanajnapaka definition has spent most pages. Ansa to determine coordinates ( Latitude) and longitude ( Longitude) use are starting with his hand. He used to calculate the radius of the Earth almost perfectly, which is less than 32km less than today's measurement. Aristotle's geo-centricHe proved to be a serious critic of the world concept. Thus, by the hand of al-Biruni, clearly, the path of astronomy and astrology is different. However, al-Biruni did not stop there, but the lunar-solar diary ( Lunisolar Calendar), stars abasthanamapaka device ( Planisphere) and primary speedometer ( Odometer) His hand was discovered. He also promoted astrolabe and sextient instruments. Ibn Siddika (980-1037) Venus of Venus (medical science )
Have done a lot of work on the planet. Venus is closer than the Earth from the Sun in the direction of the Sun - its discovery. He also saw astronomy distinguished from Astrology. He also wrote a commentary on Al-Majest. The problem is that the proposed model of the planets Ptolemy abartanakale ayakoyenta problems (equant problem) known, Ibn Sina is known to have worked out a solution. The extent to which Muslims have discovered in astronomy, it is easy to guess from the above text. But, these are just the first part of the contribution! After Ibn Sina, for four more centuries, the Muslims were in an unimaginable position.
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